Italian conjugation explanation
Conjugation of -durre verbs
<p>Italian verbs ending in <span style="font-style: italic">-durre</span> are irregular verbs. They are contracted forms derived from the Latin infinitive ending <span style="font-style: italic">-ducere</span> (e.g., <span style="font-style: italic">produrre</span> comes from <span style="font-style: italic">prōdūcere</span>).</p>
<p>To conjugate these verbs correctly, it helps to identify three specific patterns based on the tense:</p>
<ul>
<li>
<div><strong>The "duc" Stem</strong></div>
<div>In most tenses—including the
<a class="conjugation_explanation_link_intext" href="/study/tenseGuideForTense/36/" target="_blank">Present Indicative</a>
,<a class="conjugation_explanation_link_intext" href="/study/tenseGuideForTense/38/" target="_blank">Imperfect</a>
, and Subjunctive—treat the verb as if it ended in <span style="font-style: italic">-cere</span>. The stem becomes <span class="green_emphasis">-duc-</span> followed by regular endings.</div><div class="conjugation_explanation_example_sentence">La fabbrica <span class="green_emphasis">produce</span> molte auto. (<span style="font-style: italic">The factory produces many cars.</span>)</div>
</li>
<li>
<div><strong>The "durr" Stem</strong></div>
<div>In the
<a class="conjugation_explanation_link_intext" href="/study/tenseGuideForTense/40/" target="_blank">Future</a>
and<a class="conjugation_explanation_link_intext" href="/study/tenseGuideForTense/43/" target="_blank">Conditional</a>
, the contraction remains. The stem uses the double <span style="font-style: italic">r</span> (<span class="green_emphasis">-durr-</span>).</div><div class="conjugation_explanation_example_sentence">Questo <span class="green_emphasis">ridurrà</span> il problema. (<span style="font-style: italic">This will reduce the problem.</span>)</div>
</li>
<li>
<div><strong>The Irregular Past Historic</strong></div>
<div>In the
<a class="conjugation_explanation_link_intext" href="/study/tenseGuideForTense/39/" target="_blank">Past Historic</a>
, the stem changes to <span class="green_emphasis">-ss-</span> for the 1st singular, 3rd singular, and 3rd plural forms (e.g., <span style="font-style: italic">io produssi</span>).</div></li>
</ul>
<p>Additionally, the
<a class="conjugation_explanation_link_intext" href="/study/tenseGuideForTense/46/" target="_blank">Past Participle</a>
is irregular and always ends in <span class="green_emphasis">-dotto</span> (e.g., <span style="font-style: italic">prodotto, condotto, ridotto</span>).</p><div class="conjugation_explanation_title">Common Verbs</div>
<p>The most common verbs following this pattern are:</p>
<ul>
<li>
<a class="conjugation_explanation_link_intext verb_link" href="/study/conjugations/ita/produrre/" title="Click to see conjugations for produrre" target="_blank">produrre</a>
(<span style="font-style: italic">to produce</span>)</li><li>
<a class="conjugation_explanation_link_intext verb_link" href="/study/conjugations/ita/condurre/" title="Click to see conjugations for condurre" target="_blank">condurre</a>
(<span style="font-style: italic">to lead, to drive</span>)</li><li>
<a class="conjugation_explanation_link_intext verb_link" href="/study/conjugations/ita/ridurre/" title="Click to see conjugations for ridurre" target="_blank">ridurre</a>
(<span style="font-style: italic">to reduce</span>)</li><li>
<a class="conjugation_explanation_link_intext verb_link" href="/study/conjugations/ita/introdurre/" title="Click to see conjugations for introdurre" target="_blank">introdurre</a>
(<span style="font-style: italic">to introduce</span>)</li><li>
<a class="conjugation_explanation_link_intext verb_link" href="/study/conjugations/ita/indurre/" title="Click to see conjugations for indurre" target="_blank">indurre</a>
(<span style="font-style: italic">to induce</span>)</li></ul>
<div class="conjugation_explanation_title">Conjugation Tables</div>
<p>In the following tables for
<a class="conjugation_explanation_link_intext verb_link" href="/study/conjugations/ita/produrre/" title="Click to see conjugations for produrre" target="_blank">produrre</a>
, notice how the stem changes between tenses.</p><p><strong>1. The "duc" stem</strong> (Present Indicative and Imperfect):</p>
<div class="study_conjugations_tense_container">
<a class="study_conjugations_tense_label box_label tense_box no_dark_mode " href="/study/tenseGuideForTense/36/" target="_blank" title="Open tense guide">Presente</a>
<div class="study_conjugations_conjugation conjugations_table two_columns">
<div class="study_conjugations_forms conjugation_forms highlighted_conjugation">
<div class="conjugation_form">
<span><span class="study_conjugations_pronoun conjugation_pronoun">
io
</span><span class="irregular_conjugation" title="irregular conjugation">produco<span class="irregularity_circle">●</span></span></span>
</div>
</div>
<div class="study_conjugations_forms conjugation_forms highlighted_conjugation">
<div class="conjugation_form">
<span><span class="study_conjugations_pronoun conjugation_pronoun">
tu
</span><span class="irregular_conjugation" title="irregular conjugation">produci<span class="irregularity_circle">●</span></span></span>
</div>
</div>
<div class="study_conjugations_forms conjugation_forms highlighted_conjugation">
<div class="conjugation_form">
<span><span class="study_conjugations_pronoun conjugation_pronoun">
lui
</span><span class="irregular_conjugation" title="irregular conjugation">produce<span class="irregularity_circle">●</span></span></span>
</div>
</div>
<div class="study_conjugations_forms conjugation_forms highlighted_conjugation">
<div class="conjugation_form">
<span><span class="study_conjugations_pronoun conjugation_pronoun">
noi
</span><span class="irregular_conjugation" title="irregular conjugation">produciamo<span class="irregularity_circle">●</span></span></span>
</div>
</div>
<div class="study_conjugations_forms conjugation_forms highlighted_conjugation">
<div class="conjugation_form">
<span><span class="study_conjugations_pronoun conjugation_pronoun">
voi
</span><span class="irregular_conjugation" title="irregular conjugation">producete<span class="irregularity_circle">●</span></span></span>
</div>
</div>
<div class="study_conjugations_forms conjugation_forms highlighted_conjugation">
<div class="conjugation_form">
<span><span class="study_conjugations_pronoun conjugation_pronoun">
loro
</span><span class="irregular_conjugation" title="irregular conjugation">producono<span class="irregularity_circle">●</span></span></span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="study_conjugations_tense_container">
<a class="study_conjugations_tense_label box_label tense_box no_dark_mode " href="/study/tenseGuideForTense/38/" target="_blank" title="Open tense guide">Imperfetto</a>
<div class="study_conjugations_conjugation conjugations_table two_columns">
<div class="study_conjugations_forms conjugation_forms highlighted_conjugation">
<div class="conjugation_form">
<span><span class="study_conjugations_pronoun conjugation_pronoun">
io
</span><span class="irregular_conjugation" title="irregular conjugation">producevo<span class="irregularity_circle">●</span></span></span>
</div>
</div>
<div class="study_conjugations_forms conjugation_forms highlighted_conjugation">
<div class="conjugation_form">
<span><span class="study_conjugations_pronoun conjugation_pronoun">
tu
</span><span class="irregular_conjugation" title="irregular conjugation">producevi<span class="irregularity_circle">●</span></span></span>
</div>
</div>
<div class="study_conjugations_forms conjugation_forms highlighted_conjugation">
<div class="conjugation_form">
<span><span class="study_conjugations_pronoun conjugation_pronoun">
lui
</span><span class="irregular_conjugation" title="irregular conjugation">produceva<span class="irregularity_circle">●</span></span></span>
</div>
</div>
<div class="study_conjugations_forms conjugation_forms highlighted_conjugation">
<div class="conjugation_form">
<span><span class="study_conjugations_pronoun conjugation_pronoun">
noi
</span><span class="irregular_conjugation" title="irregular conjugation">producevamo<span class="irregularity_circle">●</span></span></span>
</div>
</div>
<div class="study_conjugations_forms conjugation_forms highlighted_conjugation">
<div class="conjugation_form">
<span><span class="study_conjugations_pronoun conjugation_pronoun">
voi
</span><span class="irregular_conjugation" title="irregular conjugation">producevate<span class="irregularity_circle">●</span></span></span>
</div>
</div>
<div class="study_conjugations_forms conjugation_forms highlighted_conjugation">
<div class="conjugation_form">
<span><span class="study_conjugations_pronoun conjugation_pronoun">
loro
</span><span class="irregular_conjugation" title="irregular conjugation">producevano<span class="irregularity_circle">●</span></span></span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p><strong>2. The "durr" stem</strong> (Future and Conditional):</p>
<div class="study_conjugations_tense_container">
<a class="study_conjugations_tense_label box_label tense_box no_dark_mode " href="/study/tenseGuideForTense/40/" target="_blank" title="Open tense guide">Futuro semplice</a>
<div class="study_conjugations_conjugation conjugations_table two_columns">
<div class="study_conjugations_forms conjugation_forms highlighted_conjugation">
<div class="conjugation_form">
<span><span class="study_conjugations_pronoun conjugation_pronoun">
io
</span><span class="irregular_conjugation" title="irregular conjugation">produrrò<span class="irregularity_circle">●</span></span></span>
</div>
</div>
<div class="study_conjugations_forms conjugation_forms highlighted_conjugation">
<div class="conjugation_form">
<span><span class="study_conjugations_pronoun conjugation_pronoun">
tu
</span><span class="irregular_conjugation" title="irregular conjugation">produrrai<span class="irregularity_circle">●</span></span></span>
</div>
</div>
<div class="study_conjugations_forms conjugation_forms highlighted_conjugation">
<div class="conjugation_form">
<span><span class="study_conjugations_pronoun conjugation_pronoun">
lui
</span><span class="irregular_conjugation" title="irregular conjugation">produrrà<span class="irregularity_circle">●</span></span></span>
</div>
</div>
<div class="study_conjugations_forms conjugation_forms highlighted_conjugation">
<div class="conjugation_form">
<span><span class="study_conjugations_pronoun conjugation_pronoun">
noi
</span><span class="irregular_conjugation" title="irregular conjugation">produrremo<span class="irregularity_circle">●</span></span></span>
</div>
</div>
<div class="study_conjugations_forms conjugation_forms highlighted_conjugation">
<div class="conjugation_form">
<span><span class="study_conjugations_pronoun conjugation_pronoun">
voi
</span><span class="irregular_conjugation" title="irregular conjugation">produrrete<span class="irregularity_circle">●</span></span></span>
</div>
</div>
<div class="study_conjugations_forms conjugation_forms highlighted_conjugation">
<div class="conjugation_form">
<span><span class="study_conjugations_pronoun conjugation_pronoun">
loro
</span><span class="irregular_conjugation" title="irregular conjugation">produrranno<span class="irregularity_circle">●</span></span></span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="study_conjugations_tense_container">
<a class="study_conjugations_tense_label box_label tense_box no_dark_mode " href="/study/tenseGuideForTense/43/" target="_blank" title="Open tense guide">Condizionale</a>
<div class="study_conjugations_conjugation conjugations_table two_columns">
<div class="study_conjugations_forms conjugation_forms highlighted_conjugation">
<div class="conjugation_form">
<span><span class="study_conjugations_pronoun conjugation_pronoun">
io
</span><span class="irregular_conjugation" title="irregular conjugation">produrrei<span class="irregularity_circle">●</span></span></span>
</div>
</div>
<div class="study_conjugations_forms conjugation_forms highlighted_conjugation">
<div class="conjugation_form">
<span><span class="study_conjugations_pronoun conjugation_pronoun">
tu
</span><span class="irregular_conjugation" title="irregular conjugation">produrresti<span class="irregularity_circle">●</span></span></span>
</div>
</div>
<div class="study_conjugations_forms conjugation_forms highlighted_conjugation">
<div class="conjugation_form">
<span><span class="study_conjugations_pronoun conjugation_pronoun">
lui
</span><span class="irregular_conjugation" title="irregular conjugation">produrrebbe<span class="irregularity_circle">●</span></span></span>
</div>
</div>
<div class="study_conjugations_forms conjugation_forms highlighted_conjugation">
<div class="conjugation_form">
<span><span class="study_conjugations_pronoun conjugation_pronoun">
noi
</span><span class="irregular_conjugation" title="irregular conjugation">produrremmo<span class="irregularity_circle">●</span></span></span>
</div>
</div>
<div class="study_conjugations_forms conjugation_forms highlighted_conjugation">
<div class="conjugation_form">
<span><span class="study_conjugations_pronoun conjugation_pronoun">
voi
</span><span class="irregular_conjugation" title="irregular conjugation">produrreste<span class="irregularity_circle">●</span></span></span>
</div>
</div>
<div class="study_conjugations_forms conjugation_forms highlighted_conjugation">
<div class="conjugation_form">
<span><span class="study_conjugations_pronoun conjugation_pronoun">
loro
</span><span class="irregular_conjugation" title="irregular conjugation">produrrebbero<span class="irregularity_circle">●</span></span></span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p><strong>3. The Irregular Past Historic</strong> (Double S highlighted):</p>
<div class="study_conjugations_tense_container">
<a class="study_conjugations_tense_label box_label tense_box no_dark_mode " href="/study/tenseGuideForTense/39/" target="_blank" title="Open tense guide">Passato remoto</a>
<div class="study_conjugations_conjugation conjugations_table two_columns">
<div class="study_conjugations_forms conjugation_forms highlighted_conjugation">
<div class="conjugation_form">
<span><span class="study_conjugations_pronoun conjugation_pronoun">
io
</span><span class="irregular_conjugation" title="irregular conjugation">produssi<span class="irregularity_circle">●</span></span></span>
</div>
</div>
<div class="study_conjugations_forms conjugation_forms">
<div class="conjugation_form">
<span><span class="study_conjugations_pronoun conjugation_pronoun">
tu
</span><span class="irregular_conjugation" title="irregular conjugation">producesti<span class="irregularity_circle">●</span></span></span>
</div>
</div>
<div class="study_conjugations_forms conjugation_forms highlighted_conjugation">
<div class="conjugation_form">
<span><span class="study_conjugations_pronoun conjugation_pronoun">
lui
</span><span class="irregular_conjugation" title="irregular conjugation">produsse<span class="irregularity_circle">●</span></span></span>
</div>
</div>
<div class="study_conjugations_forms conjugation_forms">
<div class="conjugation_form">
<span><span class="study_conjugations_pronoun conjugation_pronoun">
noi
</span><span class="irregular_conjugation" title="irregular conjugation">producemmo<span class="irregularity_circle">●</span></span></span>
</div>
</div>
<div class="study_conjugations_forms conjugation_forms">
<div class="conjugation_form">
<span><span class="study_conjugations_pronoun conjugation_pronoun">
voi
</span><span class="irregular_conjugation" title="irregular conjugation">produceste<span class="irregularity_circle">●</span></span></span>
</div>
</div>
<div class="study_conjugations_forms conjugation_forms highlighted_conjugation">
<div class="conjugation_form">
<span><span class="study_conjugations_pronoun conjugation_pronoun">
loro
</span><span class="irregular_conjugation" title="irregular conjugation">produssero<span class="irregularity_circle">●</span></span></span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>