This verb form connects a past action to a present feeling or perspective. We use it to talk about things that have already happened, but we are looking at them now with emotion, doubt, or a specific opinion. It shows that a completed past event is still relevant to our current thoughts.
We use this form to express our current feelings about something that happened in the past. Your feeling is now, but the action is over.
Me alegro de que
hayas venido a la fiesta
ayer.
(I'm glad that you came to the party yesterday.)
Siento que no
hayan podido viajar.
(I'm sorry they weren't able to travel.)
Me sorprende que él
haya dicho eso.
(It surprises me that he said that.)
Es una lástima que
hayan perdido el partido.
(It's a shame that they lost the game.)
Le molesta que yo no
haya limpiado la cocina.
(It bothers her that I haven't cleaned the kitchen.)
We use this form to show doubt or uncertainty about whether something really happened in the past. It is also used to deny that something happened.
Dudo que Marta
haya terminado su tarea.
(I doubt that Marta has finished her homework.)
No creo que ellos
hayan llegado todavía.
(I don't think they have arrived yet.)
No es verdad que yo
haya comido tu postre.
(It's not true that I ate your dessert.)
Es posible que
hayan olvidado la reunión.
(It's possible that they have forgotten the meeting.)
Quizás haya sido un malentendido.
(Maybe it was a misunderstanding.)
We use this form to express a hope or a wish that an action has already been completed. It is very common after words like "Ojalá" or "Espero que".
Espero que
hayas dormido bien
anoche.
(I hope you slept well last night.)
Ojalá hayan recibido el paquete.
(I hope they have received the package.)
Ojalá no
haya llovido mucho durante sus vacaciones.
(I hope it didn't rain a lot during their vacation.)
We use this form after phrases that give a general opinion or judgment about a past action. These often start with "It's good that..". or "It's strange that.."..
Es bueno que
hayan estudiado para el examen.
(It's good that they studied for the exam.)
Es raro que ella no nos
haya llamado.
(It's strange that she hasn't called us.)
Es importante que usted
haya leído el contrato.
(It's important that you have read the contract.)
The following use is a bit different. It talks about the future, not the past.
We use this form after words like cuando (when) or después de que (after) to talk about an action that will be completed in the future, before another future action begins.
Cuando hayas terminado de comer, veremos una película.
(When you have finished eating, we will watch a movie.)
Te llamaré
en cuanto haya llegado a casa.
(I will call you as soon as I have arrived home.)
Después de que el paquete
haya sido entregado, recibirás un correo.
(After the package has been delivered, you will receive an email.)
