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Cerradura vs. candado vs. chapa

Word practice demo
The Spanish words cerradura, candado, and chapa all refer to different types of locks. While they share the primary function of securing an object or space, the main differences lie in their respective design and application.

Cerradura

A2
The term cerradura refers to a common door lock, which might be located on a front door, a room door, or a cabinet door. Generally, it implies the presence of a physical keyhole that works with a conventional key.
Necesito cambiar la cerradura de mi puerta principal.
(I need to change the lock on my front door.)
La cerradura de mi habitación está atascada.
(The lock on my bedroom is jammed.)
Esta llave no encaja correctamente en la cerradura del armario.
(This key does not fit properly into the cabinet's lock.)

Candado

A2
A candado is a padlock, typically used for securing suitcases, lockers, gates or bicycles. Candados are portable and removable locks usually opened with a physical key or combination code.
Olvidé el código de mi candado y ahora no puedo abrir mi maleta.
(I forgot my padlock code and now I can't open my suitcase.)
Voy a poner un candado en el portón para mayor seguridad.
(I'm going to put a padlock on the gate for extra security.)
El candado de mi bicicleta es muy fuerte y resistente al óxido.
(The padlock for my bike is very strong and rust-resistant.)

Chapa

B1
Chapa can represent the functionality of a lock but often refers more specifically to the locking component generally found on doors, usually part of the door handle where you turn a knob or lever.
La chapa de la puerta del baño está rota y necesita reparación.
(The bathroom door's lock is broken and needs repair.)
Deberías considerar reemplazar la chapa de tu puerta si se ha oxidado.
(You should consider replacing your door's lock if it has rusted.)
La chapa de la puerta principal permite abrir la puerta solo desde adentro.
(The main door's lock allows opening the door only from inside.)

Summary

Cerradura, candado, and chapa are three types of locks in Spanish with specific applications: cerradura refers to regular door or drawer locks usually paired with keys; candado defines portable and removable padlocks typically used for securing personal belongings or gates; and chapa signifies the built-in locks typically found as part of door handles.