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Caderno vs. bloco de notas

While both caderno and bloco de notas refer to items made of paper used for writing, the primary difference lies in their physical binding and their intended purpose. Generally, caderno is for organized, permanent notes, while bloco de notas is for temporary, quick jottings.

Caderno

A1
Refers to a bound notebook or exercise book, typically spiral-bound or stitched along the side. It is designed for longevity and is commonly used by students for school subjects, journaling, or keeping organized records.
O estudante comprou um caderno novo para a aula de matemática.
(The student bought a new notebook for math class.)
Ela escreve os seus pensamentos diários num caderno de capa dura.
(She writes her daily thoughts in a hard-cover notebook.)
Por favor, abram o vosso caderno na página vinte.
(Please open your notebook to page twenty.)
Esqueci-me do meu caderno em casa hoje.
(I forgot my notebook at home today.)

Bloco de notas

A2
Translates to notepad, scratchpad, or memo pad. It usually implies a stack of paper glued or bound at the top, designed for easy page tearing. It is used for quick reminders, shopping lists, or scribbles. It also refers to the digital Notepad software on a computer.
O detetive apontou a matrícula do carro no seu bloco de notas.
(The detective wrote down the car license plate on his notepad.)
Preciso de um bloco de notas para fazer a lista de compras.
(I need a notepad to make the shopping list.)
Deixei um recado rápido no bloco de notas ao lado do telefone.
(I left a quick message on the notepad next to the phone.)
Podes abrir o ficheiro de texto usando o Bloco de Notas do Windows.
(You can open the text file using Windows Notepad.)

Summary

In summary, use caderno when referring to a book used for study or continuous writing. Use bloco de notas when referring to a pad for quick scribbles, tear-away notes, or digital text editors.